Ports are heterogeneous transport nodes where multiple actors and processes continuously interact to carry out shipping and logistics operations. In such complex scenarios, the exchange of information has been a challenge, traditionally addressed through paper-based routines and recently through other non-secure channels such as e-mails, phone calls, or even WhatsApp messages.
Nevertheless, as a consequence of the growing complexity and the continuous cargo volume increase within the shipping industry, Port Community Systems (PCSs) emerged more than 20 years ago as one of the cornerstones of digitalisation inside the port communities.
